Recently, we have introduced a new bioeconomic indicator in order to avoid the difficulties in evaluating the process and technologies for sustainability. In this paper, we wish to improve this new indicator for the analysis of sustainability. Indeed, the indicator has been based on the exergy...

The collective welfare of crop plants, their microbial symbionts, farmers, and society can be undermined by tragedies of the commons. A crop could increase resource allocation to grain if each plant invested less in sending roots into soil already explored by neighbors and less in stem growth....

This chapter reviews the origin and development of game-theoretic ideas in biology. It covers more than half a century of research and focuses on those models and conceptual advancements that are rooted in fundamental biological theory and have been exposed to substantial empirical scrutiny. The...