This article uses economic categories to show how the reorganization of civil procedure in the case of class action is not merely aimed at providing a more efficient litigation technology, as hierarchies (and company law) might do for other productive activities, but that it also serves to...

This paper treats programs in which firms voluntarily agree to meet environmental standards as "green clubs": clubs, because they provide non-rival but excludable reputation benefits to participating firms; green, because they also generate environmental public goods. The model illuminates a...

Cluster initiatives are a common means to establish and foster positive externalities in regions. In such initiatives, cluster managers provide several supportive goods and services, which can have the characteristics of public, club or private goods. Which portfolio of goods and services is...