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correction model, we find that GDP and social security expenditure lack short-run causality, but reveal the existence of long …-run bidirectional causality. This shows that, in the long run, economic growth must be based on a social welfare policy that should be …
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This research uses the panel cointegration and panel-based error correction models to investigate the causality among …
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This paper investigates the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth in Libya during the period 1970–2010. The empirical results vary with estimation methodology and model specification, but indicate the lack of long-run relationship between financial...
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testing approach to cointegration and Granger and Toda-Yamamoto causality tests are conducted for quarterly data. The results …
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