Traffic congestion is a substantial time cost for many urban commuters. This paper studies the response of subjects in … respond to the use of a toll that theory predicts will minimize travel time costs. The experimental results reported in this … paper show that this toll comes very close to achieving efficient use of the travel network. …

experiment by traveling on the toll route. In this experiment, some subjects travel the toll route frequently, giving up some of … experiments, subjects choose between traveling on an indirect route that does not congest and a direct toll route that congests as … more subjects travel on it. In the first experiment, values of time are assigned to subjects. Subjects generally sort …

discussed. Applying linear programming duality, we then prove that the optimal dual variable values provide an optimal toll with …