We discuss how the standard Cost-Benefit Analysis should be modified in order to take risk (and uncertainty) into … account. We propose different approaches used in finance (Value at Risk, Conditional Value at Risk, Downside Risk Measures …, and Efficiency Ratio) as useful tools to model the impact of risk in project evaluation. After introducing the concepts …

The Value-at-Risk (VaR) metric serves as a pivotal tool for quantifying market risk, offering an estimation of … of VaR approaches. This study critically evaluates the efficacy of GARCH-type VaR models within the transportation sector … the Transportation Sector index (TRANS), the Service Industry index (SERVICE), and 17 pertinent stocks within the Stock …