positive relation between self-insurance and state taxes is detected, consistent with consumers opting to self-insure rather … demand is largely inelastic, e.g., automobile liability coverage, taxes do not affect self-insurance …

The European Commission is evaluating the performance of the common VAT, which has many shortcomings. The numerous … exemptions and differentiated rate structures violate the logic and functionality of the VAT. The exemptions distort input … choices and outsourcing policies. Reduced rates are ill-targeted tools for mitigating the regressivity of the VAT. In view of …

Farmers are often exempted from VAT for administrative and political reasons. But this means that the VAT on their … inputs cannot be ‘washed out’ through the tax deduction/credit mechanism. To compensate farmers for the uncompensated VAT on … effective VAT rate on sector-wide inputs) on their sales to taxable agro-processing firms. The flat-rate scheme is an arbitrary …

The article discusses how the introduction of common European Union tax (VAT) regulations may affect the voluntary …

The harmonized European value-added tax (VAT) is anything but a modern consumption tax that taxes all goods and … taxed on output but on inputs. This has serious consequences. The VAT exemptions distort input choices, stimulate …