Women are often less willing than men to compete, even in tasks where there is no gender gap in performance. Also, many … explain the gender gap in competitiveness. Experiment 1 studies whether stress responses (measured with salivary cortisol and … voluntary competition. We find that while the mandatory competition does increase stress levels, there is no gender difference …

. While part of this effect may be explained by gender differences in risk attitudes and overconfidence, previous studies have … attributed the majority of the gender gap to gender differences in a separate 'competitiveness' trait. We re-examine this result … experimental design. In contrast to the literature, the results from our experiment imply that the whole gender gap is driven by …

. While part of this effect may be explained by gender differences in risk attitudes and overconfidence, previous studies have … attributed the majority of the gender gap to gender differences in a separate 'competitiveness' trait. We re-examine this result … experimental design. In contrast to the literature, our results imply that the whole gender gap is driven by risk attitudes and …

contraceptives to determine the importance of sex hormones in explaining gender differences in competitiveness. Participants in a … of progesterone on competitiveness and our results therefore provide a partial biological explanation for gender …

In addition to discrimination, market power, and human capital, gender differences in risk preferences might also … contribute to observed gender wage gaps. We conduct laboratory experiments in which subjects choose between a risky (in terms of … more likely than men to select the secure job, and these job choices accounted for between 40% and 77% of the gender wage …

. While part of this effect may be explained by gender differences in risk attitudes and overconfidence, previous studies have … attributed the majority of the gender gap to gender differences in a separate 'competitiveness' trait. We re-examine this result … experimental design. In contrast to the literature, the results from our experiment imply that the whole gender gap is driven by …