Challenges the claims of a previous article which tested the long-run relationship between economic growth and defence …-causally related to each other in any direction. Shows that there is a unidirectional Granger causality running from defence …

broadened to accord greater priority to areas including defence, security, political relations and people-to-people contact …

rate and defence spending in 18 OECD countries during the period 1962-1988. Reveals that the relationship which exists … between unemployment rate and defence spending is not uniform across countries. Defence spending has a favourable impact on … Belgium, non-defence spending and the unemployment rate are causally independent. Defence spending appears to act as a …

Proposes to re-examine empirically the causal relationship between defence spending and economic growth in mainland … defence spending to economic growth. Second, by evaluating a dynamic vector error-correction model, variance decomposition and … impulse response functions, then analyses the direction, duration and strength of Granger-causality between defence spending …

arms production-oriented. As defence provision is also partly transferred to business through Public-private partnership …. Is defence bound to move from its long status of public good to the one of financial asset? JEL: L60, G3 …

We study how norms can solve distributional conflict inside a clan and the efficient coordination of collective action … in a conflict with an external enemy.We characterize a fully non-cooperative equilibrium in a finite game in which a self …