proficiency, and the effect of language on earnings and employment probabilities of non-white immigrants. Our results show that … language acquisition, employment probabilities, as well as earnings differ widely across non-white immigrants, according to … their ethnic origin. Language has a strong and positive effects on employment probabilities. Furthermore, lack of English …

only that first-generation immigrants face a substantial employment penalty (up to -36% points) vis-à-vis their native … counterparts, but also that their descendants continue to face serious difficulties in accessing the labour market. The employment …) citizenship acquisition is associated with significantly better employment outcomes, for both EU and non-EU-born immigrants; iii …

This paper provides a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the employment performance of first- and second … first-generation immigrants face a substantial employment penalty (up to -36% points) vis-à-vis their native counterparts …. Among the key drivers of access to employment, we find: i) education for the descendants of non-EU-born immigrants, and ii …

influence the labour market performance of skilled immigrants. Our estimates point to improvements in employment rates and …

literacy and the likelihood of participating in adult education is also explored. Lower employment prospects for immigrants are …

. We find that this combination of policy adjustments substantively improved short-term employment outcomes amongst skilled …