A Parrondo game is a counterintuitive game where two losing games can be combined to form a winning game. We construct a quantum version of a Parrondo game based on a quantum ratchet effect for a delta-kicked model, which can be realized in optical lattices. A game set is presented and a quantum...

We investigate the evolution of Shannon entropy in quantum ratchet effect for a delta-kicked model, where a particle with initial momentum zero is periodically kicked by an asymmetric potential. It is shown that the evolution of Shannon entropy of the particle can remarkably reflect whether...

While joining farmer cooperatives has been identified as a way for farmers, especially small farmers, to overcome their limitations in the marketplace and increase their income, this paper presents an analytical framework for examining how farmer cooperative may increase farmer income in rural...

Quantum state is transmitted via noisy channel, the errors introduced by noise will limit the practicality of quantum communication. In this paper, we present a scheme which can overcome this limitation. The central idea is that a quantum bit is paired by another quantum bit to stand for a...