We perform a simplified Ethernet traffic simulation in order to clarify the physical mechanism of the phase transition behavior which has been experimentally observed in the flow density fluctuation of Internet traffic. In one phase, traffics from nodes connected with an Ethernet cable are...

Phase transitions and critical phenomena are investigated in the two-dimensional traffic flow on the triangular lattice numerically and analytically. The two-dimensional traffic model on the square lattice is extended to the traffic flow on the triangular lattice where the three roads cross on a...

The generic phase transition from a phase of freely flowing traffic of electronic data packets to a congested phase is studied in a very simple model. Here the network is an oriented square lattice. Packets are randomly introduced at the nodes located at one boundary with a certain posting rate,...

The merging flow model without a bottleneck is presented to mimic the pedestrian channel flow with a meeting point. Two channel flows in front of the meeting point interact one another when the exit density is higher than the maximal-current density. The distinct phase transition occurs by...

Pedestrian counter flow is investigated by experiment and simulation. The experiment is performed for the channel with open boundaries. Two types of walkers, going to the right and to the left, are taken into account. The video recordings and measurements of individual arrival times are...

In this paper we revisit some minority games formed by two different types of agents. There are some games where the differences of power processing among the agents are fundamental for achieving success. In other games, which are characterized by a dynamical phase transition, the results can...

The phase transitions of a ferromagnet spin-1/2 Ising superlattice consisting of two different materials are examined using the effective field theory. The critical temperature of the system is studied as a function of the thickness of the constituents in a unit cell, exchange interactions in...

In these lectures we give an overview of nonequilibrium stochastic systems. In particular we discuss in detail two models, the asymmetric exclusion process and a ballistic reaction model, that illustrate many general features of nonequilibrium dynamics: for example coarsening dynamics and...

We consider statistical properties of an NP-complete problem, the subset sum, using the methods and concepts of statistical mechanics. After introducing the statistical mechanical treatment of the problem, the phase transition behaviors are discussed. We also introduce a source coding scheme...