An analytical description of the nucleation stage in a supersaturated vapor with instantly created supersaturation is given with taking into account the vapor concentration inhomogeneities arising as a result of depletion due to nonstationary diffusion onto growing droplets. This description is...

Direct coal liquefaction has been studied and practiced since the 1930s. It was used in Germany during World War II to produce synthetic fuels when there was no oil allowed into the country. Since then, it has been studied in the United States and many different technologies have been...

The walnut shell with particle size less than 0.154 mm pyrolysis mass loss behaviour was studied at different heating rates (5, 10, 20, 30, 40°C/min) using pyris1 thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) instrument. Results showed that the activation energies of walnut shell pyrolysis under the...

This work investigates the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from Jatropha curcas oil using a variety of heterogeneous catalysts: resins, zeolites, clays, hydrotalcites, aluminas and niobium oxide. For this purpose, a catalyst screening was first conducted in a batch reactor at the...

The paper reviews the pyrolysis of biomass constituents and possible secondary reactions. Biomass pyrolysis yields mostly liquid and solid fuel, easy to store and transport.