This paper provides new evidence on the role of human capital in shaping economies participation in multinational production. In particular, we primarily examine whether and to what extent the level of English language mastery among countries inhabitants affects the presence of multinational...

This paper investigates the economic returns to language skills and bilingualism. The analysis is staged in Kazakhstan, a multi-ethnic country with complex ethnic settlement patterns that has switched its official state language from Russian to Kazakh. Using two newly assembled data sets, we...