convergence and the so-called structural convergence, at the EU level (EU-27), but also inside of Eastern group of countries (EU …-10) and inside of Western group of countries (EU-15). As a main conclusion, a general tendency of convergence was … demonstrated at the EU level. However, between the two groups of countries, there were some significant differences both in matter …

low growth performances of EU countries of the last decades can largely be attributable to their poor research performance …, as compared to the US. As a consequence, most EU countries, in particular since the adoption of the Lisbon strategy, have …