This study incorporates endogenous and directed technical change in a dynamic, general equilibrium framework, with a bottom-up representation of technologies. On the example of the Austrian transport sector this paper studies the economic impacts of a carbon tax and a subsidy in research and...

The EU 2020 Climate and Energy Package, in force since June 2009, commits the European Union to reduce its overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to at least 20% below their 1990 levels by 2020, pursuing the ambition to make Europe a low-carbon and energy-efficient economy over the next decade....

This paper examines the role of electricity production from biomass with and without carbon capture and storage in sustaining low CO 2 emission pathways to 2100. It quantifies the effect of the availability of biomass resources and technologies within a general equilibrium framework. We assess...

About 50% of New Zealand's greenhouse gases are not carbon dioxide, being mostly methane and nitrous oxide. Consequently the exchange rates between different gases - that is their CO2 equivalence - could have significant effects on the cost to New Zealand of meeting international emissions...

the process-technology progress which is caused by the improvement of the productive technologies can reduce the demands of the intermediate inputs in the productive process, and then reduce the energy demands and the carbon emissions. Thus, to improve the level of process technologies is an...

In September 2013, the EU Parliament has called for a 6% limitation of crop-based biofuels (instead of 10% initially) and proposed a 2.5% binding incorporation target for cellulosic biofuels by 2020. In spite of this stated objective, the horizon of a large-scale adoption for advanced biofuels...

International technology spillovers can be categorised in two types: disembodied and embodied. Disembodied international technology spillovers are the flow of ideas that take place without the exchange of commodities. Examples of disembodied spillovers are present through workers’ mobility,...

The introduction of unilateral climate policies, and the absence of a climate constraint in many parts of the world raise questions about the distortions in competitiveness and CO2 leakage that may result. Therefore, proposed climate policies are often accompanied by corrective measures intended...

Venezuela is among the top 10 countries in the world with high rates of subsidies. Taking as reference the database of the IEA (2011), subsidies in Venezuela reach 20 billion US dollars, equivalent to 7% of GDP, or in per capita terms $690 per person. 86 percent of these subsidies are allocated...

The creation and accumulation of knowledge constitutes without any doubt one of the major drivers of progress and development. The incontrovertible evidence of that creative process is present everywhere in our daily routines and societies. However, it is rather difficult to define a measure of...