Background: Many developed countries are reforming healthcare payment systems in order to limit costs and improve clinical outcomes. Knowledge on how different groups of professional stakeholders trade off the merits and downsides of healthcare payment systems is limited. Methods: Using a...

In this paper, we propose a new metaheuristic to solve the Risk constrained Cash-in-Transit Vehicle Routing Problem (rctvrp). The rctvrp is a variant of the well-known capacitated vehicle routing problem and models the problem of routing vehicles in the cash-in-transit sector. In the rctvrp, the...

In this paper we propose a decision model aimed at increasing security in a utility network (e.g., smart grid, water network). The network consists of edges that might be a viable target for terrorists depending on several factors such as geographical location, accessibility of the network, the...

Emission standards are one of the major policy tools to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transportation. The welfare effects from this type of regulation depend on how ?firms choose to abate emissions: by changing relative prices, by downsizing their fl?eet or by adopting technology. This...

This paper develops a real options consistent bailout decision rule that speci?es under which conditions it is optimal to liquidate or bail out a bank based on the amount of liquidity it creates. Due to its construction, the rule incorporates the option value of waiting stemming from the...

In this research, a first order Markov model is built from a corpus of bagana music, a traditional lyre from Ethiopia. Different ways in which low order Markov models can be used to build quality assessment metrics for an optimization algorithm are explained. These are then implemented in a...

In usability testing of web sites, thinking aloud is a frequently used method. A fundamental discussion, however, about the relation between the use of different variants of thinking aloud and the evaluation goals for this specific medium is still lacking. To lay a foundation for this discussion...

While researchers have extensively studied the born global and international new venture phenomena, the related field of NTBF internationalization has been left untouched, giving rise to an investigation aimed at filling this gap in the international business literature. The investigation covers...