Chinese Rural Cooperative Funds (RCFs) were developed to meet the needs of rural economic development during the extensive reform of the rural economy system in the mid 1980s. From their trial establishment in 1984, and since 1991 in particular, RCFs have expanded rapidly in terms of portfolio...

The aim of this paper is to provide an institutional outline of China's various Customs regimes. According to recent data, only approximately one-third of China's imports were subject to "ordinary" rates of duty and to "ordinary" non-tariff barriers, rules and regulations. A large proportion of...

Rural industry in China in the 1980s grew at the high annual rate of 28 percent, contributing 34 percent to national industrial output growth. By the end of 1990, the output value of the rural industry and the employment in this sector accounted for 30 and 57 percent of China's total industrial...

China's international trade in ferrous and non-ferrous metals products is not risk free. Of course, international trade is never entirely risk free, and practitioners are naturally concerned to adopt measures to mitigate risks. In practice, Documentary credits (otherwise known as letters of...