Our study empirically investigates the effects of the Kyoto Protocol’s quantified emission limitation or reduction commitments on various greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions such as CO2, CH4, N2O and other greenhouse gases, consisting of HFCs, PFCs and SF6. These GHG emissions are considered to be...

Developing countries will need to be involved if a future international agreement is to be effective in slowing climate change. Under the Kyoto Protocol’s first commitment period (2008-12), developing countries have not got emissions targets, and the United States have opted out. Whether the...

Do countries interact when they decide whether or not to ratify the Kyoto Protocol? If so, what is the nature of these interactions? To answer these questions, we provide a theoretical analysis based on the notions of strategic substitutability and strategic complementarity. Firstly, we analyze...

This paper assesses the impact of the Kyoto Protocol on CO2 emissions. With this aim a dynamic panel data model is estimated for a cross-section of 213 countries over the period 1960 to 2009. The model, based on a STIRPAT approach, also integrates the EKC approach and specifically considers the...

Being used as Japan's energy-originated carbon dioxide emission data are estimates by two agencies. They are the greenhouse gas inventory report by the Ministry of the Environment and the CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion by the International Energy Agency. Under the U.N. Framework Convention...

The Kyoto Protocol, as adopted at the Third Conference of the Parties to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP3), has introduced the Kyoto Mechanism (including the Emissions Trading, Joint Implementation, and Clean Development Mechanism systems) to promote the efficient...

Funding a response to climate change after Kyoto will require another look at both burden sharing and funding mechanisms. After reviewing the risks of cap-and-trade with carbon offsets and the advantages of a harmonized carbon tax, a method is proposed to utilize a harmonized carbon tax to...

With countries from around the world set to meet in Copenhagen to try to hammer out a post-2012 climate change agreement, no one would disagree that a U.S. commitment to cut greenhouse gas emissions is essential to such a global pact. However, despite U.S. president Obama’s recent announcement...

With countries from around the world set to meet in Copenhagen to try to hammer out a post-2012 climate change agreement, no one would disagree that a U.S. commitment to cut greenhouse gas emissions is essential to such a global pact. However, despite U.S. president Obama’s recent announcement...

Even though the Paris Agreement does not include any trade-related provisions, trade has the potential to play a major role in the implementation of the response measures enshrined by the Parties in their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), while creating opportunities for many countries...