different types of volatility; remittances are found to be a less volatile source of external finance than FDI and ODA that are … be acyclical and stabilizing, whereas FDI emerges as pro-cyclical and destabilizing. Furthermore, remittances are …Inflows of remittances to Pakistan are being increasingly viewed as a relatively attractive source of external finance …

), and official development aid (ODA). FDI and ODA in this sense behave somewhat differently than remittances. Therefore a … remittances and trade openness on income in Vanuatu are estimated. The results show trade openness and remittances having positive … and significant effects, with no significant effects from financial development (FIN), foreign direct investment (FDI …

This paper explores the scope of IDF to compensate for declining ODA and/or to enhance the efficiency of ODA. It shows … remittances. Efficient utilization of these two sources can vastly change the development finance landscape in Asia. …

, remittances interaction with financial development and ICT, trade openness and overseas development assistance (ODA) vis …The Philippines is the fourth largest recipient of remittances in the world with booming information and communications …-à-vis income for the period 1976 to 2010 using ARDL bounds approach. The results show remittances and remittances interaction with …