General analyses of household income at expenditure side as well as comparison of wage differences and mean net equalized income are mostly based on nominal comparisons. Regional indexes at regional level are not available at most European countries, so there is problem to estimate real wages...

The ability to explain the development of supply, demand, and prices of commodities (especially agricultural and energy commodities) is essential for policy-makers around the globe for several reasons since they represent an essential part of the consumption baskets. Moreover, energy and...

Since the latter half of 1990s, it has been discussed that many developing countries are going to face serious population aging problem while these economies are still underdeveloped and not adequately prepared against aging yet in terms of institutional reform such as social security. As the...

This study aims to analyse the impact of increased ICT R&D public spending on the European economy using the regional RHOMOLO model. The theoretical motivation for this research stems from ongoing discussion on the complementarity and substitutability between public and private R&D spending, and...

During the 12th Five-Year Plan (FYP) period of China (2011-2015), Chinese government set the carbon intensity emission reduction target for the first time. This target is allocated to all the provinces in China without a trading mechanism. In our study, we aim to evaluate the impact among...

In this paper we look at the evolution of the R&D intensity gap between the EU and its major competitors using data from the Industrial Scoreboard covering the period 2002-2010. We focus on R&D intensity as it is normally recognized as an important determinant of the competitiveness of economic...

The objective of this paper is to add to the the criticisms of the "macro-Mincer" approach by emphasizing two important theoretical points, not addressed so far in the literature. First, we show that the "macro-Mincer" relationship between aggregate human capital and average years of schooling...

Tourism is an economic activity of immense significance for both developed and developing countries. In recent years, computable general equilibrium (CGE) models have been widely used to investigate the economic effects of tourism. In this paper a tourism CGE model is applied to estimate the...

The causality between energy consumption and real income in developed countries has been a very vital research topic in recent years. Raising concerns about climate change and global warming increase the pressure on policy makers to take action against energy depletion. Unfortunately these...

The Euro area recent evolution have seen the appearance of large interest rate spread in highly indebted countries. What are the determinants of these spreads beyond mere speculation? Panel regressions linking for Euro area Members the spread with respect to German rates to fiscal variables like...