Greenhouse gas emissions caused by urban residents' energy consumption arise from the 1) transportation and 2) housing sectors. This energy consumption depends on the population distribution of the city. This study quantitatively examines the effectiveness of congestion tolls, carbon tax, and...

For any developing nation, GDP growth and CO2 emission goes hand-in-hand. GDP growth affects the CO2 emission level and vice versa. EKC hypothesis ensures the interaction between income level and environmental degradation. Based on this foundation, bi-directional causal relationship between...

India’s fossil fuel based energy-led economic growth and carbon emissions are largely influenced by economic liberalization. In this paper, we have considered twenty years before and after liberalization (1971-2010) and by formulation of an error correction model, we have demonstrated how...

For any developing nation, industrialization and CO2 emission goes hand-in-hand. Industrialization affects the CO2 emission level and consequently the pregnancy outcomes and hygienic states of children. Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis ensures the interaction between income level and...

The growing economic value and consumer popularity of sustainability standards inevitably raise questions about the extent to which their structure and dynamics actually address many environmental, economic and public welfare issues. The Committee on Sustainable Assessment (COSA) was formed, in...

World trade in biomass is likely to increase in the years up to 2020 as imports are required to meet the demand created (directly or indirectly) by policy measures such as the EU Biofuels Directive. This paper assesses the macroeconomic consequences such large-scale trade for the exporting...

A thorough review is made of Climate Change Science, going into much greater detail than is typical of papers in Economics and specifically emphasising the hard thermodynamic limits of biological and physical processes. This theme is then continued in a historical review of theory relevant to...

The COVID 19 pandemic has had a great impact on the European Union economies in many aspects, also with regard to the discussion on the future of EU climate policy. The plan to rebuild and support the European Union's economy, which is currently under discussion at European governments summits,...

The objective of the paper is to analyze the risk management behavior of a non-industrial private forest owner under uncertainty about timber production. Two types of hedging strategies with harvesting decisions are studied: a financial practice versus a physical one. We develop a two-period...

L’objectif fondamental de la comptabilité et y compris des situations financières annuelles concernant la présentation d’une image fidèle des actives, des dettes, de la position financière, du profit ou de la perte de l’identité se réalise conformément aux certaines règles,...