Business policy questions frequently involve competitive encounters among several different firms. Oligopoly theory in economics was devised to answer similar questions, but its results so far are largely confined to cases of monopoly (one firm), duopoly (two firms), and many firms (wheat...

In this paper, we extend the inventory lot-size model introduced in Ghosh and Chaudhuri (2006) to allow for partial backlogging. In addition, we also relax their assumptions of equal replenishment cycles and constant shortage lengths. For any given number of replenishment cycles, we show that...

To increase sales and reduce default risks, a supplier may offer its retailers either: 1) a cash discount; 2) a fixed credit period M if the order quantity is greater than or equal to a predetermined quantity W. Likewise, a retailer in turn offers its customers a credit period N, which has a...