Global development goals have become increasingly used by the United Nations and the international community to promote priority global objectives. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are the most prominent example of such goals, but many others have been set since the 1960s. Despite their...

The federal constitution enacted on 5 October 1988 was a landmark for Brazilian citizens in that it reorganised the bases of the country?s protection system. The new charter recognised social security as a guiding principle of social protection, as expressed in social insurance, social...

This research guide was prepared as part of the joint FAO-UNICEF ?From Protection to Production? (PtoP) project (http://www.fao.org/economic/ptop/en/). The project takes advantage of ongoing impact evaluations of cash transfer programmes in sub-Saharan Africa to look at the impact of these...

This paper evaluates the impact of the 2007 expansion of the Bolsa Família programme to families with youths aged 16 to 17 years (Benefício Variável Jovem) on the time allocation of youths and on the labour supply of adults. The differences-in-difference estimator was used to compare...

This paper investigates the impact of the pilot phase of Paraguay?s conditional cash transfer programme, Tekoporã, on the demand for healthcare and education, and how much of this impact was due to the cash transfers and/or due to changes in behaviour/preferences, possibly as an effect of...

What has happened to inequality between and within countries since 1990? In this paper we explore who have been the winners and losers from global growth since 1990. We find that falls in total global inequality in the last 30 years are predominantly attributable to rising prosperity in China....

In recent years, a large number of studies have investigated the relationship between social security benefits and male retirement decisions in developed countries. However, women?s and couples? labour supply decisions and the patterns of withdrawal from the labour force in emerging economies...

In the remarkable expansion of anti-poverty transfer programmes in developing countries in the last decade, human development income transfer programmes, popularly known as conditional cash transfers, have played a very significant role. Human development income transfer programmes have been...

What is the relevance of Africa?s second largest social protection programme, Ethiopia?s Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP), for other countries and especially for India, Brazil and South Africa (IBSA)? Are there policy lessons to be noted and operational innovations to be learned from? At...

Various recent papers have sought to make projections about the scale and locations of global poverty in the next 20 to 30 years. Such forecasts have significant policy implications because they are used to inform debates on the scale and objectives of future aid. However, these papers have...