With the rapid growth of entire genome data, reconstructing the phylogenetic relationship among different genomes has become a hot topic in comparative genomics. Maximum likelihood approach is one of the various approaches, and has been very successful. However, there is no reported study for...

In a sample of mRNA species counts, sequences without duplicates or with small numbers of copies are likely to carry information related to mutations or diseases and can be of great interest. However, in some situations, sequence abundance is unknown and sequencing the whole sample to find the...

Food security is one of the main challenges facing humanity, and increasing crop yields is critical to meet the growing global food demand. Grain production in China has remarkably improved since its founding in 1949, but the growth remains uneven across regions. The goal of this research was to...

This paper focuses on estimating the number of species and the number of abundant species in a specific geographic region and, consequently, draw inferences on the number of rare species. The word 'species' is generic referring to any objects in a population that can be categorized. In the areas...

In this study, burning oil of biomass (BOB) was derived from biomass corncob tar by distillation. The fuel BOB1 was extracted from biomass corncob tar by distilling temperature range from 110 to 220°C, the fuel BOB2 was extracted from biomass corn tar by distilling temperature over 220°C. This...