A new presentation of the specific factors model shows how labor fares under international trade by considering how the price elasticity of the nominal wage rate responds to the terms of trade as well as factor endowments. The key empirical implication is that under a standard assumption about...

When one country has a superior technology in <i>all</i> commodities, a Ricardian model with two goods and two countries is used to examine uncompensated transfers of superior technology in one or both goods. A transfer of the superior but second-best technology always benefits the advanced country...

This paper examines the connection between a terms-of-trade improvement and the real wage rate for a country that is immersed in a trading world with many traded commodities as well as a non-tradeable. There is an array of commodities that are imported but not produced at home, and the price of...

The Jones-Kierzkowski model of global fragmentation of production draws attention to the cost and efficiency of “service links” connecting “production blocks” in different countries. Country-specific service links include transport and telecommunications infrastructure and the overall...

This is a unique account of the role played by 58 figures and diagrams commonly used in economic theory. These cover a large part of mainstream economic analysis, both microeconomics and macroeconomics and also general equilibrium theory.

In competitive international trade theory two of the basic models are the Specific Factors Model and the Heckscher/Ohlin model, with dimensionality 3×2 and 2×2 respectively. A surprising result in Heckscher/Ohlin is that the effect on factor prices of an infinitesimal change in a commodity...

Trade Theory, Analytical Models and Development, comprises 11 essays offering new contributions on the following topics: trade and wages; factor endowments, factor mobility and political economy of trade; optimality of tariffs; measurement of welfare; customs union theory; endogenous mergers and...

The word fragmentation refers to a splitting up of a vertically integrated production process such that the separate fragments can be traded on markets. This paper is concerned with international fragmentation, generally allowing gains from a finer division of labor based on comparative...