with particular attention to the Associationof Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Middle East and North African … effective for China withMENA countries, ASEAN10, and ASEAN10 þ 3 (China, Japan, and SouthKorea) but detrimental to trade flow … within the ASEAN10 þ 6 (China, India,Japan, S Korea, Australia, and New Zealand) setup. Among the three fac tors, ’Partners …

Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) from its founding to the measures agreed upon to integrate its economy. Those measures include … the reduction and elimination of tariffs on and the removal of nontariff barriers to intra‐ASEAN trade, customs reform … obstacles. Finally, it discusses the efficacy of the ASEAN Charter in this regard and the prospects of achieving an ASEAN …