Efficiency measurement is critical for industries where firms do not face strong competition, ad we cannot relay on the market to discipline the firms effectively , Airports are a typical example. At the same time, the fact that airports produces multiple outputs using a common set of inputs...

An intensive dairy and crop farming system found in the East African highlands provides manure and urine, taken from stalls of improved dairy cattle, for crops such as banana. By using panel data of 894 rural households in 2003 and 2005 in Uganda, we find that the number of improved cattle per...

Pakistan’s pension system is in the process of increasing funding in anticipation of providing for a growing elderly population. Regulations require that these pension assets be invested domestically. In this paper, we quantify how diversification of the pension funds to include world...

This study considers the importance of firm characteristics in explaining the degree of business constraints facing Pakistani firms in the Investment Climate Survey. We quantify how firms with differing characteristics experience particular problems. After controlling for other factors, the...

The Vietnam Living Standard Surveys (VLSS) are supposed to be representative of the entire population in Vietnam. However, we uncover an anomaly that the amount of remittances received from domestic sources is significantly larger than the amount of remittances sent to domestic sources, implying...

North America, Europe, and Asia are three largest regional blocks in the global aviation. EU has liberalized its aviation market within the region, following the north America. However, Asia is still left behind, and most of the markets in the region are governed by bilateral air service...

An understanding of the financial and distributional consequences of Social Security reform requires knowledge about the actual life circumstances of participants, including the level and pattern of their lifetime earnings and when they retire. Some analyses of Social Security reform make...

国民の安全保障観を分析するためには、世論調査を分析する必要がある。信頼性が高く、時系列的に世論を分析できるものは、内閣府が3...

In many repeated interactions, repetition is not guaranteed but instead must be agreed upon. We formulate a model of voluntary repetition by introducing outside options to a repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma and investigate how the structure of outside options affects the sustainability of mutual...