What do parent companies owe to individuals that are directly affected by the business conduct of a foreign subsidiary? In corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies and sustainability reports parent companies of multinational enterprises respond to that question. They emphasize their...

This paper assesses some of the key legal and regulatory questions arising from the integration of physical robotic systems with cloud-based services, also called “cloud robotics.” The literature on legal and ethical issues in robotics has a strong focus on the robot itself, but largely...

The present contribution analyses the CJEU cases 'Faber' and 'Duarte Hueros', taking into account the debate on ‘effectiveness' and ‘procedural autonomy'. The aim of this contribution is therefore to express some observations concerning the Consumer Sales Directive and practicable ways to...

While indemnity clauses historically have been understood as a means of allocating risk associated with third party claims against one of the parties to a contract, parties occasionally design these clauses to address direct claims between them as well. In Weyerhaeuser Company Ltd. v. Ontario...

This Article reveals a clear, but thus far overlooked, pattern in the comparative law of contracts. The civil law places more limits on the scope of contractual obligations, whereas the common law more forcefully constrains the remedies available for breach of contract. It then offers two...

Codes of conduct are a well-accepted feature of European corporate governance. Listed corporations are obliged to annually state their compliance with a corporate governance code or to explain their non-compliance. Whilst it is agreed that self-commitments to non-statutory rules or standards of...

The German Bundesgerichtshof (Federal Court of Justice) has recently passed a judgement in which it held board members of a company liable for oral information given to investors during a quot;road showquot;. After the company had decided on an increase in its capital, the members of its...

A recent article in this journal raised the spectre that a judgment creditor of a member of a limited liability company (LLC) might apply for and obtain a charging order; then or later persuade the court to order foreclosure on the membership interest subject to the charging order before the...