In this paper, I present an attempt to generalize the results of a historical case-study on the foundation of St. Petersburg and its influence on Dutch maritime shipping in the Gulf of Finland and Archangel in 1703-1740. In order to do so, I present the case itself first, followed by a...

The services sector is also called the “tertiary sector” and has become increasingly important in the last few decades. The process of this occurring structural change is characterized by a significant increase in employment in the services sector. On the other hand, the former economic...

"We know no more about services today than people knew about iron in the Iron Age." With this provocative thesis, the Swedish scientist GUMMESSON characterizes the state of research in the field of services. Above all, he complains that the object of service, its components and their interaction...

In contrast to many other commodities, crude oil trading is a relatively new phenomenon. The end of the concession system in the 1970s caused the oil value chain to disintegrate and a spot market for crude oil to emerge. Oil traders, in particularly the infamous US oil trader Marc Rich, have...

The ‘Golden Age’ refers to an era of rapid economic growth which led to dramatic changes within European society. The steady rise in income coupled with recently introduced paid holidays encouraged the new middle classes to emulate the lifestyle of the glamorous and privileged trendsetters...

Errors in treatment process are of the main issues regarding patient safety in health centers and hospitals that have had a growing rate, causing concern in health industry. Using the knowledge associated with such incidents in hospitals has facilitated management as well as reporting process....

The changing nature of competitive rules in the business world, the process of introducing a new product to the market has become particularly significant, that's why every company needs a new product development plan. Despite much attention paid to new product development, the failure rate for...

Value Co-Creation as a competitive strategy is done through continuous interaction and experiences Co-Creation with customer. The concept of collaborative creation of value in virtual learning environments is one of the issues that are less addressed. Ability to attract and manage students'...

Data mining is one of the useful techniques for customer relationship management which detect customer behavior pattern from a huge volumes of data. This patterns can be helpful for decision making in areas such as aircraft industry. Applying data mining techniques on data from an airline...

Today, due to increasing competitive pressure, organizations increasingly need agility to be able to identify and understand the needs of customers, competitive activities of competitors as well as opportunities for cooperation of suppliers. Therefore, the use of information technology in...