The dynamics of markets for natural gas during the last years included the higher role of LNG in gas trade, the growing role of spot markets, deregulation, liberalization and competition in national gas markets. Rising flexibility in contracts' destination clauses created new international...

In Kuwait, the current method of generating electricity using conventional power plants cannot provide beneficiaries with adequate service unless more plants are constructed. In addition to their high cost, these plants cause environmental damage, creating the need to investigate sources of...

There is strong scientific evidence that energy consumption and production are often related to greenhouse emissions. It has been argued that the cost of taking smart, effective cooperative action towards reducing global warming should be manageable. Following an effective approach, our work...

Game theory fails to adequately account for an evolving context which can affect the preferences of disputing actors, an issue which the author find to be likely to systematically produce inaccurate explanations and predictions. Empirical evidence is presented that supports the claim that the...

In light of the UK Coalition Government's announced intention to reform APD (Air Passenger Duty), this article examines the design flaws making APD an inadequate environmental tax. By identifying the misconceived consequences and environmental inefficiencies of this blunt instrument, the need...

The new international trade theory has shown that trade among countries does not necessarily depend on international differences in technology and factor endowments. Instead, trade is the result of the exploitation of scale economies and scope economies, and more concretely of the migration of...

We examine the case of an important outsider to the Cobden-Chevalier network of bilateral treaties in the second half of the nineteenth century. We attempt to explain this through a study of the structure of Danish trade and protection. We demonstrate, in contrast to previous accounts that have...

This paper examines Ontario's and Quebec's adjustments to the resource boom. Higher commodity prices, an appreciating dollar, and increased foreign competition between 2002 and 2007 led to a restructuring of the Central Canadian economies. The restructuring manifested itself in all areas of the...

Despite the essential role that international trade has historically played for resource-rich African economies, growth possibilities have been hindered by considerable trade barriers. Yet, in the large literature on commodity market integration, Africa is a blank spot and little is known about...