This article analyzes the resource implications of voluntary export restraints (VERs) for exporting countries. A simple analytical method is used to demonstrate that, by reducing the marginal revenue of its factors of production, a VER causes an industry in the exporting country to contract, and...

This paper illustrates the extent and the cost of nontariff barriers to international trade. It proposes one possible scheme for removing some of them-negotiations between developing and industrial c ountries organized along the "principal supplier" lines used in GATT tariff negotiations prior...

There are no satisfactory ex post estimates of the effects of regional integration on excluded countries' welfare. Using a formal decomposition of welfare, this paper discusses the factors that might affect these countries' welfare and aspects of their measurement. It then surveys various ex...

The agricultural policies of industrial countries bring financial strain to their economic welfare. This paper argues that the problem results from the conflict between social attitudes which abhor change and an economic system and agricultural technology which is constantly changing. Within the...