Since the creation of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS), European power producers have monitored carbon emissions resulting from the composition of their production. Fuel switching is the main short-term abatement measure under the EU ETS. It consists in substituting combined...

The IDB's Integration & Trade Journal includes articles on the different aspects of integration in Latin America and the Caribbean, on hemispheric integration and, furthermore, on similar processes in other parts of the world. This issue addresses the topic of climate change, and more...

This report discusses the opportunities and challenges for Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects in Latin America. CDM is an important tool to improve the viability of many clean technology investments as it offers a number of important opportunities including increasing a project's...

Value at Risk (VaR) has been used as an important tool to measure the market risk under normal market. Usually the VaR of log returns is calculated by assuming a normal distribution. However, log returns are frequently found not normally distributed. This paper proposes the estimation approach...

It is believed that financial markets are integrated and sensitive to news – including political conflicts in some regions of the world. Furthermore, financial markets seem to react differently to information flows from one region to another. The purpose of this research is to discern the...