We consider a supply chain in which an original brand manufacturer (OBM) outsources the production to a contract manufacturer (CM), who encroaches the end-customer market with a competing product. The CM’s production cost can benefit from economies of scale. Both the OBM and the CM sell their...

This paper contributes to the literature on innovation policies and institutional theory on conditions for effective institutional changes. The "three rights" reform of 26 universities and the mixed ownership reform of Southwest Jiaotong University are important explorations made by China in...

Although saline aquatic ecosystems are important emitters of greenhouse gases (GHGs), dynamic changes in GHGs at the sediment-water interface remain unclear. This study conducted four sampling campaigns in Daihai Lake, a eutrophic saline lake in a semi-arid region of northern China. The aim of...