Children start their schooling at different actual ages because schools accept entering students only once a year. Those born in a late month in a school cohort are said to be handicapped because they are behind their peers in terms of physical and mental development. Primary schools in Japan...

This paper statistically examines regional distributions of foreign workers based on municipal data, and estimates their effects on regional economies. The distribution of the ratios of foreign to Japanese workers is approximately log-normal, and their joint distribution of 2000 and 2003 shows a...

This paper describes Russia's economic policy over the 20-year span from 1986 to 2006. It began with the reformation of the socialist system, initiated in the late 1980s by the Gorbachev administration, and goes through to the structural reform implemented from 2000 by the Putin government....

1.Problem setting The 11th Five-Year Plan is the first five-year plan to be drafted by the Hu Jintao-Wen Jiabao administration, and by analyzing and examining this in contrast with the 10th Five-Year Plan, it will be possible to shed more light on the difference in economic policy and guiding...

The purpose of this study is to examine what kind of corporate reforms are effective in accordance with investment in information technology. Based on the nation-wide survey data from 3141 firms, logit model analysis revealed three observations. First, paperless transactions make the business...

We use an unobserved components model to extract the foreign exchange risk premium from the excess ex post returns of East Asian currency assets over US dollar assets and derive the implied expected future spot rates of East Asian currencies against the US dollar. Empirical results, obtained...

This paper surveys and reexamines Fiscal Theory of Price Level's (FTPL, hereafter) theoretical framework as well as empirical and policy implications. A simple theoretical model, which unifies various models and notations scattered in the literature, is presented and reexamined through changes...

What do Japanese manufacturing companies achieve by investing in R&D? Is there no doubt among Japanese managers about the assumption that the more R&D, the better the companies perform? This paper deals with these issues by reviewing the previous research on the relationships between R&D...

The migration equilibrium model allows us to employ information on land rents to evaluate the effects of local fiscal variables. Several studies apply the model by Robach (1982), which measures the value of amenities, to the case of public capital, assuming that public capital does not affect...

I. Research Background The unemployment rate exceeding 5% indicates a serious situation in employment which rapidly deteriorated in the 1990s. This paper conducts an empirical analysis of creation and destruction of jobs (employment opportunities) and mobility of labor force (hiring and quitting...