Japanese farmers have been encouraged to diversify into agriculture-related activities, such as processing agricultural products and managing restaurants, in order to increase their income since the early 1990s. This paper examines the effect of agriculture-related activities on total factor...

The purpose of this paper is to simulate Japan's economic growth path to 2020 based on the macro econometric models that incorporate IT capital stock and network effects. For these purpose we build three types of macro econometric model modifying a model prepared by Japan Center for Economic...

The U.S. population reached 300 million on October 2006, showing that the pace of population growth had not yet stagnated. The present study aims to answer the question of why among developed countries, almost all of which have entered into or are on the verge of a phase of population decline,...

In this paper, the impact of corporate income tax systems on investment at individual firms is evaluated by examining (1) distribution of marginal effective tax rates (METRs), (2) functions of tax adjusted capital costs considering personal income taxes, and (3) distribution of elasticity of...

This paper analyses whether and how a climate policy designed to stabilize greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is likely to change the direction and pace of technical progress. The analysis is performed using an upgraded version of WITCH, a dynamic integrated regional model of the world economy....

The number of noncitizen residents in Japan accelerated after the reform of the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act in 1989. As a result, it reached 2,217,436, or 1.74% of the total population of Japan at the end of 2008, which was 2.2 times larger than the level at year end 1989....

As a policy for revitalizing regional economies and strengthening global internationalcompetitiveness of domestic industries, industrial cluster policy has drawn attention. Althoughaims of the policy are to create environments for the emergence of new business and industries,and support regional...

Deflation since the mid-1990s has had a serious negative impact on the Japanese economy in many respects. This paper focuses on the financial vulnerability of Japan's public pension schemes to deflation. It is demonstrated in the paper that deflation made real pension benefits substantially...

The individual Members of the European Union trade inside a web of preferential trade agreements. At the core of these agreements is the EU itself. More recently, the EU has been engaged in negotiations with countries as far ranging as Central America, South East Asia, East Asia, and North...

Real personnel costs of the government in the future will be affected by the current age structure of government employees. With the total number of employees fixed, personnel costs of the local government will decrease by 7% in the next 10 years as the age structure of local government...