Many studies agree that the Great Depression in the 1930s was caused by deflationary monetary policy, but few empirical studies have been conducted on the Showa Depression in Japan. Among them, some argue that fiscal policy is effective in stimulating the economy, but others do not. And, most...

Postwar Germany accepted a large number of workers, especially from Turkey, Italy, and Greece, in the course of the "German Wirtschaftswunder," or "Economic Miracle." After the ban on recruitment in 1973, the inflow of foreign workers to Germany decreased; however, due to the inflow of the...

Using the analytical framework of the environmental Kuznets curve, this study examines whether developing countries in the world enjoy the latecomer's advantage or suffer the latecomer's disadvantage in the area of environmental management and technology, with a focus on representative...

The estimations of economic losses caused by disasters are vital to tackle the national problem of alleviating the damage. The losses have been estimated by various entities such as governments, researchers, and think tanks. The estimated losses, however, vary by definitions, periods, and areas,...

This paper provides the robust stylized facts for recent Japanese business cycle fluctuations, by examining the cyclical component of macroeconomic time series based on the frequency domain analysis. The results confirm many of the conventional views on business cycles in Japan. Among the most...

This study aims to sort out problems on implementing "Child Tax Credit (CTC)" on Income Tax system as the way to support for families with children, by surveying the following issues: (i) purposes of both current dependency exemption and proposed child tax credit, (ii) differences between income...

In response to the attention to the innovation which planned economic growth, the government of each country has announced successively the innovation strategy in recent years. The policymaker is asked for arguing regarding the innovation policy which can be equal to globalization currently...

We explore the difficulties among corporations that manage disaster risk. What encourages a company to manage its risks? We interview Japanese manufacturing companies to find out, noting that disaster risk management compensates for the vulnerability of supply chains. We also theoretically...

Many banks went bankrupt during the "Showa financial crisis" and the "Showa depression." Many have argued that the bankruptcies were an important factor in the worsening of the depression. Even during that grim time, however, finance from capital markets increased and, especially, issuance of...

This paper explores the difficulties of corporate disaster risk management by surveying the existing literature in the field. We point out the characteristics of disaster risk, including the low probability of any one disaster occurring, the huge magnitude of losses caused by disasters, and the...