We argue that exporting jobs – outsourcing - is a market-based mechanism that has the potential to distribute wealth and raise the standards of living around the globe. International trade theories dictate that countries will attain mutual gains when they export those goods for which...

Purpose: Studies have not investigated how the International Standards Organization (ISO) 9000 quality management system (QMS) guides manufacturers’ and their partners’ creative processes in devising an innovative supply chain structure. Accordingly, this study aims to explore this subject....

If a probability distribution is sufficiently close to a normal distribution, its density can be approximated by the truncated Gram-Charlier series where skewness and kurtosis directly appear as parameters. However, the existing literature is restricted to truncating the series expansion until...