In this paper, the authors examine levels and trends of labor market outcomes for women in the 1990's using household … participation rates, the distribution of employment of women across sectors of the economy (formal versus informal), and earnings … countries. All of these findings suggest a fair degree of change in the role of women within households and in the labor market …

The adoption of emergency employment and short-term training programs to provide income support to the population … affected by the episodes of economic volatility since 1995 reveals the failure of the traditional, labor law-based income … better designed mechanism to protect workers against the effects of macroeconomic volatility. The paper argues for an income …

employment, and mean labor income by economic sector and education level. …

's rural areas on three labor market outcomes: labor force participation decision, sector of employment, and labor income. In … the contrary, men living farther away from urban and maquila jobs are more likely to work. However, women living in … greater isolation are highly concentrated in own-production agricultural activities, where women's skills are rewarded less …

This paper explores the role of social networks in determining the participation of Bolivian women in income …-generating activities. The empirical analysis intends to explore the impact of this new social variable on the economic choices of women and …. Estimation results suggest that social networks are an effective channel through which women obtain access to salaried jobs …

caught in a vicious circle. They lack sufficient access to education, credit and other means to generate income, so they earn … lower wages, which in turn prevents them from accumulating the assets they need to increase future income. The authors … analyze the ownership and use of income-generating assets, as well as access to them. Where there are market imperfections …