A 2010 paper by Kaoru Tone proposes four variants of the slacks-based measure of efficiency (SBM) to overcome the limitations of this well-known Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach when the reference points of the efficient frontier may not be adequate. In this study, we apply these...

There is overwhelming empirical evidence on the existence of country and industry momentum effects. This line of research suggests that investors who buy country and industry portfolios with relatively high past returns and sell countries and industries with relatively low past returns will earn...

In this paper, we analyse the persistence phenomenon on the returns obtained by Spanish equity pension funds in the period 1999–2006, an unexplored topic in the Spanish financial market, one of the most emerging pension fund industries in the European Union. We provide evidence for a short-run...

This paper examines the ability of balanced pension plan managers to successfully time the equity and bond market and select the appropriate assets within these markets. In order to evaluate both market timing abilities in these balanced pension plans, we extend the traditional equity market...