University spin-out companies face major impediment ofaccess to venture capital. Using a finance pecking order perspective, thisstudy examines the problems that university spin-out (USO) companies face whenseeking venture capital. Focus is on USOs that are expected to have growthprospects but...

Research-based spin-offs (RBSOs) have become an important aspect of the technology transfer process. Emanating from what is conventionally a non-commercial environment, RBSOs pose major challenges if they are to realise their potential to meet the objectives of their founders and the parent...

Various incubation strategies for spinning out companies used by European research institutes are examined.The paper focuses on two central issues: (1) a comparison of the goals and objectives of research institutions for creating new spinout ventures, and (2) the various incubation strategies...