Uncertainty is an important aspect of the environmental issue quite a few of the basic functions describing the role of the environment for the economic system are not well known "ex ante". Emissions interact through rather complex and intricate systems and pollutants such as DDT accumulate...

The paper discusses the role of restraints in the economic System. The constraints may relate to different agents of the economic-system so that one may envision the economic system as a Set of hierarchical constraints with each layer.of constraints applying to a more disaggregated level of...