This thesis studies the impacts of technology development and R&D subsidies. The first essay examines whether public and private R&D funding are substitutes or complements. Particular attention is paid to capital market imperfections by examining what kind of effect financial constraint has on...

In this paper, we examine firm innovation and its link to firm growth. Instead of using the conventional conceptualization and operationalization of innovation in terms of the R&D budget, we use a more elaborate 12-dimensional conceptualization, which takes into account also the...

Internationalisation is not limited to manufacturing. It also extending to innovation as firms spread their research and development (R&D) across the globe. Firms are increasingly dependent on interaction with foreign partners and competitors, and they are becoming more reliant on locations...

In the 1990s, Nokia became a leader in the global cell phone market. The stellar growth of Nokia contributed significantly to the Finnish national economy, especially to GDP growth, exports and the R&D system. The first years of the 21st century have witnessed a massive relocation of electronics...

Nokia is a good example of a company whose operation is more and more based on co-operation with other organisations. During the past ten years Nokia has actively built and developed its supplier network. Rather than aim to produce everything itself, the company is increasingly turning to...

Nokia has undergone a major metamorphosis. Emerging as a conglomerate with a number of different business lines, Nokia has been transformed into a pure telecommunications company. At the same time, the company has also internationalised by investing abroad. Despite the heavy internationalisation...

The “Asian miracle” ended in the autumn of 1997 when many East Asian economies fell victim to the Asian crisis. In this study, we analyse the reasons for the crisis and its effects on the world economy. We study why market players were unable to predict the crisis and identify the main...

This study analyses the extent of outsourcing in Finnish manufacturing. We find that in the early 2000s, 60% of companies in the Metal, Engineering and Electronics industries (the Technology industry) on average have outsourced some of their functions. In other manufacturing industries, the...