Systems of distributed innovation – so-called business ecosystems – have become increasingly prevalent in many industries. These entities generally encompass numerous corporations, individuals, and communities that might be individually autonomous but related through their connection with an...

Science, technology, and innovation (STI) systems are fundamental to the economic development of any nation. However, their high hierarchy and centralization cre‑ ate inequities for the more dispersed regions to access their benefts. Traditional approaches to STI system decentralization have...