Trade deficits and surpluses are sometimes attributed to intentionally low or high exchange rate levels. The impact of exchange rate levels on trade has been much debated but the large body of existing empirical literature does not suggest an unequivocally clear picture of the trade impacts of...

This paper exposes an evaluation of the bilateral exchange rate developments of the US dollar against the euro, the Japanese yen and the Chinese yuan/renminbi and surveys the nominal and real effective exchange rates trends of such currencies over the period 1994-2012. It also briefly reviews...

This paper analyses the statistical behavior of the US dollar, against nine different currencies, over the float period, with a monthly data set. The martingale hypothesis is rejected for all currencies. However, all currencies have a unit root. There is overwhelming evidence for significant...

Als "messerscharfe Analyse der Krankheiten unseres Geldsystems" bezeichnet der Grazer Professor Max Otte in seinem Geleitwort Middelkoops Einschätzung der globalen Währungssituation bzw. deren aktueller Krise. Der niederländische Finanzjournalist und ehemalige Börsenkommentator findet ihre...

Der Devisenmarkt gilt als der umsatzstärkste, liquideste und technologisch fortschrittlichste Finanzmarkt weltweit. So zieht der Handel mit Fremdwährungen eine große Vielzahl an hochprofessionellen Marktteilnehmern an, die unter Einsatz von modernen elektronischen Kommunikationsmitteln in...

Banks and bond investors have extended $9 trillion of US dollar credit to non-bank borrowers outside the United States. This has relevance for the discussion of global liquidity and global monetary policy transmission. This paper contributes to this policy discussion by analysing the links...

This paper estimates the unconditional and conditional probabilities that U.S. interventions successfully smooth short-term mark-dollar and yen-dollar exchange rates. The sample period extends from February 1987 to February 1990. Assuming a binomial distribution, the number of observed successes...