In this paper, economic production quantity (EPQ) models for breakable or deteriorating item are developed with variable demands, being dependent on time or on-hand stock. Here rate of production and holding cost are time dependent, unit production cost is a function of both production...

The traditional economic production quantity (EPQ) model assumes that the production products are all perfect. It is not always true in the real production system, due to imperfect production process or other factors, imperfect quality items may be produced. Furthermore, it is well-known that...

This study considers the supplier's warranty return and the buyer's rebate policy as business-return policy in the supplier–buyer supply chain. The policy as well as the displayed stock level influences the behavior of the buyer. Distinct from the traditional single-stage inventory model, we...

Supply chain is an accepted way of remaining in the competition in today's rapidly changing market. This paper presents a coordinated seller-buyer supply chain model in two stages, which is called Joint Economic Lot Sizing (JELS) in literature. The delivery activities in the supply chain consist...