when spending on investment is best done by the government itself, and when public funds should be used to support … investment by the private sector. A key concept in this issue is the degree of external benefits, or spillovers, of investment …. These notions refer to the fact that sometimes a certain action by an economic agent results indirectly in productivity …

from a long-run perspective by assessing the relationships between population growth and a plethora of investment dynamics …) deplete public investment but augment domestic investment in Zambia; (4) diminish private investment and improve domestic … investment in the Congo Republic and Sudan respectively. Practical implications - Mainstream positive linkage of population …