useful for control of economic balance is the labor productivity. This ratio is the quotient of the real GDP to cost of labor …. Theory of this ratio is the main subject of the considerations presented in this paper. Labor productivity ratio is useful in … micro level for moderating level of earning with profitability of business. In international context the labor productivity …

production factors capital, labor, and energy. We find that they are for labor much smaller and for energy much larger than the …Cointegration analysis is applied to the linear combinations of the time series of (the logarithms of) output, capital …, labor, and energy for Germany, Japan, and the USA since 1960. The computed cointegration vectors represent the output …

capital and labor, but also on changes in the allocation of these inputs across firms. As the latter effects are neglected in … that changes in allocation of capital and labor have pronounced effects on GDP-growth for most European countries. Further …. -- aggregation of production functions ; distribution of capital and labor ; firm heterogeneity ; growth accounting ; structural …

We show that the large elasticity of substitution between capital and labor estimated in the literature on average, 0 … capital. The mean elasticity conditional on the absence of publication bias, disaggregated data, and inclusion of informa …- tion from the first-order condition for capital is 0.3. To obtain this result, we collect 3,186 estimates of the elasticity …