In his seminal publications between the 1930s and 1960s, Frederick Lane offered three hypotheses regarding the impact of the Voyages of Discovery that have guided debate ever since. First, pepper and other spice prices did not rise in European markets in the century before the 1490s, and thus...

The paper presents an outline of the issues and a preliminary appraisal of the use of trade sanctions by the World Trade Organization (WTO) as a means of promoting compliance by parties. The WTO is unique among intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) in using trade sanctions to enforce...

This article discusses the place of both the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) and their role in global energy governance in the light of the fragmentation debate roughly twenty years after their establishment. The Energy Charter Secretariat (ECS), the...

It is claimed that technology is a competitive advantage for a company and that finally fosters economic growth (Marinagi, et al., 2014). Besides it is held that logistics promote economic growth (Hayaloğlu, 2015), through the consumption-led growth theory. In the present paper an effort will...

This research aimed to identify facilitators and restrictive factors on Technological Transfer by comparing case studies of the Brazilian Technology Transfer Offices (TTO). Industry-University (I-U) cooperation processes enable interacting actors to benefit from partners' knowledge and resources...

SME's working capital requirement is growing because of increasing open accounts in international trade payments. Further, new BIS set of regulation, which allows a lower credit rating for SMEs compared to old BIS and therefore low credit worthy SMEs will experience hard times in getting bank...

Did colonial policies in India deliver excessive returns to British investors? We answer this question using annual data on Indian securities trading on the London Stock Exchange. We present new series on market capitalization, capital gains, dividend yields, and total returns of railway...

Transportation infrastructure is indispensable for the diversification of an economy. This paper investigates the empirical link between transportation infrastructure and diversification of the Nigerian economy. Descriptive demonstrations are adopted to provide a situational focus to the study,...

A customer orientation of the supply chain is need for companies that want to generate competitive advantages in the market. Customer orientation is possible when motivated by market research. The participants of a supply chain create compatible philosophies, synchronize their processes and...

Long-established major U.S. corporations such as McDonalds, Walmart, and Proctor and Gamble continue to derive a majority of revenues from foreign operations. In addition, a number of relatively new U.S. technology companies such as: Airbnb (2008); Facebook (2004); Snap (2011); Twitter (2006);...