Evidence of import substitution can be found only in the agriculture and the food industry: a decrease in the import volume across individual positions (meat, poultry, fish and grain crop flour) was accompanied by Household output growth. Also, simultaneously with a drop in imports, some output...

Qatar became a contracting party to GATT 1994 at the end of the Uruguay Round pursuant to the procedures of Article XXVI:5(c), prior to which it applied the GATT on a de facto basis. Qatar confirmed its commitments on goods and services as part of the Uruguay Round, in which it bound all tariffs...

In Q1 2017, the current account surplus increased significantly due to rising exports alongside a slower growth in imports. Growth of the positive current account balance was the main factor behind the ruble's strengthening. At the same time, net capital outflow from the private sector also...

In 2016, Russian exports contracted to EUR 119 billion, which is its lowest level for the last decade (-12.9% to the 2015 level). The share of Russia in the total EU imports declined to 7.0% (-0.9 percentage point). At the same time, Russian share in EU imports across six main types of goods...

Generally, according to the 2016 results fuel exports dramatically fell, non-fuel exports decreased somewhat, while imports stopped falling. However, H2 2016 (as compared to the similar period of 2015) showed slightly different results. Exports virtually stopped falling, while imports even began...

Russia's BoP data attest to a considerable decline in the current account surplus in 2016 compared to 2015. At the same time, net capital outflows in the private sector slowed down substantially because the rate of repayment of debts and liabilities slowed down, as a result of which the ruble...

In February 2016, after more than three years of negotiation, the European Union and Vietnam officially announced the conclusion of negotiation and published the text of the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA). This research focuses on the impacts of EVFTA on both economies. By using the...

Financing resources play a significant role in escalating export ventures particularly of MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) which face a stiff competition from the larger firms. Finance is essential not only for successful operation of current activities of the firm but also aids in...

We document key features of the deepening economic relationship between Brazil and China. This is evident from sharply increased bilateral trade and foreign direct investment flows and also from enhanced cohesion of negotiating positions in international fora. Data presented show bilateral trade...