The Harapan region is governed by a web of regulations. The corresponding allocation of land is informed by the demands of the international market and Indonesia's policy to supply it with the products needed. Thus, human interactions with the rainforest transformation systems are largely...

In an integrated economy-ecosystem model humans choose their land use and leave the residual land as habitat for three species forming a food chain. The size of habitat determines the diversity and abundance of species. That biodiversity generates, in turn, a flow of ecosystem services with...

The relationship between land use and biodiversity is important to understand the decision support systems in order to attain sustainability. Nowadays, land use and biodiversity management is focused on protected areas, discarding other habitats, tending to favor exclusive property rights over...