The peak oil represents the most important changing influence to which civilization faces. The transport division is especially vulnerable because petroleum is almost (98%) the only energy that is used for the transport of the European Union. Furthermore, this also highlights a special...

The largest interconnected machine on Earth, the century-old power grid is so massively complex and inextricably linked to human involvement and endeavor that it has been called an ecosystem. To meet sustainability requirements, the electric industry is poised to make the transformation from a...

According to position document no.11 “Economic and Monetary Union”, Romania has committed to report after the European System of Accounts ESA 95. The exploratory study was used to enframe the issue into the general context. The data was collected by means of empirical experiment.The purpose...

In the last years, the work by Engerman and Sokoloff (ES) on the divergent development paths within the Americas has provided an important backing to the institutionalist school. In line with the work by Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson, ES assume the existence of institutional persistence: once...

Food security is an important social objective and relying on international food markets to meet the needs of Indonesia's growing population is precarious. The policy of restricting food imports through tariffs or quantitative restrictions promotes the goal of food self-sufficiency, but does so...

We examine the effects of the ‘natural resource curse’ on Chad and find little evidence for Dutch disease. Structural vector auto-regression suggests that changes in domestic output and prices are overwhelmingly determined by aggregate demand and supply shocks, and while oil production and...

Whether natural resources boost or deter economic development remains an open question in the literature. Papyrakis and Gerlagh (2007) found a significant negative association between economic growth and resource abundance at a U.S.-state level. They demonstrated that resource abundance crowds...

...

This paper studies the resource curse phenomenon in China. The “resource curse†is an important claim that the resource-abundant economies grow at a slower pace than the resource-scarce economies do. There are many recent studies that analyze the resource curse phenomenon theoretically...

As can been seen from the U.S.'s non-ratification of the Kyoto Protocol, together with the negotiations toward the post-Kyoto Protocol framework, the U.S. and China have been quarrelling over their responsibilities and have contradicted one another over the introduction of compulsory domestic...